
Here is what most teams discover the hard way: scaling AI is not really a model problem at all. It is an infrastructure problem wearing a model problem’s clothes. The first wave was forgiving, a modest GPU cluster, a few data scientists, some experimentation, and you could adapt as you went, because the demands were small enough to absorb.
Production AI gives you none of that slack. Training, inference, retrieval, fine-tuning, and increasingly agentic workflows all run at once, and behave nothing like the systems most organizations still lean on.
Bridging the gap from supercomputing to AI factories, a new report from the AI Accelerator Institute, maps the journey from traditional HPC to AI Factory architecture, revealing:
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